“Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies.” — Proverbs 31:10 (KJV)
“A wife of noble character who can find? She is worth far more than rubies.” — Proverbs 31:10 (NIV)
“An excellent wife who can find? She is far more precious than jewels.” — Proverbs 31:10 (ESV)
Among the many passages of Scripture that speak of wisdom, character, and godly living, Proverbs 31:10–31 stands as one of the most celebrated. This portion of Proverbs, often called “The Virtuous Woman” or “The Wife of Noble Character,” is an acrostic poem in the original Hebrew, with each verse beginning with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet. This structure not only gives it literary beauty but also suggests its role as a teaching tool—a complete A-to-Z portrait of godly character.
For centuries, these verses have been read as an ode to the ideal woman, but they are much more than that. They are a hymn to wisdom in action, embodied in the life of a person who fears the Lord and lives with integrity, diligence, and compassion. Far from being a restrictive checklist, this passage is a celebration of the noble qualities that reflect God’s wisdom in everyday life—qualities such as trustworthiness, industry, generosity, strength, and reverence for God.
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The opening question—“Who can find a virtuous woman?”—is not meant to imply that such a person cannot exist. Rather, it emphasizes the rarity and preciousness of such character. Just as rubies or jewels are treasures of immense worth, so too is a life shaped by virtue. The verses that follow unfold what that treasure looks like in the rhythms of daily living: in the home, in business, in community, and in relationships.
At its core, Proverbs 31:10–31 is about more than gender roles; it is about the beauty of wisdom when lived out practically. It highlights how godliness touches every aspect of life—from work to family to society. While it is often read as a model for women, its lessons apply to all believers. The diligence, generosity, integrity, and fear of the Lord described in these verses are traits every Christian is called to pursue.
This passage also serves as the conclusion of the entire book of Proverbs. From the beginning, Proverbs has presented wisdom as a woman calling out in the streets (Proverbs 1:20–21), inviting people to live with discernment, righteousness, and fear of the Lord. Now, at the book’s close, wisdom is no longer just a voice but a personified reality—a woman whose life demonstrates what wisdom looks like in action. In this sense, Proverbs 31:10–31 is not merely about domestic excellence but about the culmination of wisdom teaching in lived experience.
Today, Proverbs 31 continues to inspire and challenge. For women, it offers encouragement to pursue lives marked by strength, dignity, and godly character, while resisting the world’s shallow definitions of beauty and success. For men, it offers a call to honor, value, and support women of virtue rather than chasing superficial standards. For all believers, it provides a picture of what it means to live wisely and to build a legacy of faithfulness that impacts families, communities, and future generations.
In this study, we will explore Proverbs 31:10–31 in depth. We will look at what the passage means, break it down verse by verse, reflect on insights from biblical commentators, examine its context within Proverbs, and draw practical lessons for Christians today. Ultimately, this passage points us to the truth that wisdom rooted in the fear of the Lord is more precious than any earthly treasure.
What Does Proverbs 31:10–31 Mean?
Proverbs 31:10–31 is one of the most beloved and discussed passages in the Bible, often referred to as the portrait of the virtuous woman or the wife of noble character. To understand its meaning, it is important to recognize both its literary design and its spiritual intent. It is not a rigid checklist of duties but rather a poetic celebration of godly character expressed in daily life.
An Acrostic of Excellence
In the Hebrew text, this section is an acrostic poem—each verse begins with a successive letter of the Hebrew alphabet. This form highlights the completeness of the portrait. The message is clear: the virtuous woman’s life reflects wisdom from A to Z, covering every aspect of her existence. The structure suggests that this passage was intended to be memorable, perhaps used in teaching or recitation to celebrate wisdom and virtue.
The Worth of Virtue
The poem begins by stating that the worth of such a woman is “far above rubies” (v. 10). In other words, her value cannot be measured in material wealth. Virtue and godly character are rare treasures, surpassing any possession. This sets the tone for the rest of the passage—true excellence is not found in outward charm or beauty but in inner integrity and the fear of the Lord (v. 30).
Wisdom in Action
The bulk of the passage describes how the woman’s character is revealed in her actions. She is trustworthy, diligent, resourceful, compassionate, and wise. These qualities are not abstract but expressed in tangible ways: providing food for her household, engaging in trade, caring for the poor, speaking wisdom, and ensuring her family’s well-being. Her fear of the Lord is the foundation of all these virtues, and it shapes her entire way of life.
This highlights an important point: Proverbs 31 is not about perfection but about direction. It celebrates a life oriented toward God, where wisdom and virtue guide daily decisions and responsibilities.
Not Just About Women
While the passage specifically describes a woman, its principles apply to all believers. The diligence, generosity, wisdom, and faithfulness described here are qualities that reflect the character of God Himself and should be pursued by men and women alike. The husband and children in the poem honor her (vv. 28–29), but the ultimate praise comes from the Lord, who values the fear of the Lord above all else.
The Culmination of Proverbs
Placed at the very end of Proverbs, this passage serves as a fitting conclusion to the book’s teaching on wisdom. Earlier chapters presented wisdom as a woman calling out to the people (Proverbs 1:20–33; 8:1–36). Now, in Proverbs 31, wisdom is not just a voice but a lived reality—a woman whose daily life embodies the fear of the Lord and demonstrates what wisdom looks like in practice.
This literary placement is intentional. It reminds us that wisdom is not theoretical but practical. It must be lived out in how we treat others, how we work, how we use resources, and how we honor God.
The True Foundation: Fear of the Lord
The final verses bring the focus back to the heart of the matter: “Charm is deceptive, and beauty is fleeting; but a woman who fears the Lord is to be praised” (v. 30, NIV). Outward appearances may fade, but godly character rooted in reverence for God endures. The fear of the Lord—the central theme of Proverbs (Proverbs 1:7; 9:10)—is the anchor of her worth and the source of her wisdom.
Breaking Down Proverbs 31:10–31
This passage is one of the most detailed poetic portraits in the Bible. Each verse contributes to the picture of the virtuous woman, showing how wisdom and godly character permeate every part of her life. Let’s walk through the verses in smaller sections to understand their richness.
Verses 10–12: Her Worth and Trustworthiness
“Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies. The heart of her husband doth safely trust in her, so that he shall have no need of spoil. She will do him good and not evil all the days of her life.”
The poem begins with a declaration of the woman’s worth. She is rare and precious, more valuable than the finest jewels. Her value is rooted not in wealth or beauty but in her character. Her husband trusts her fully because she is faithful, reliable, and devoted. Her commitment is lifelong—she does good, not harm, throughout their marriage.
Verses 13–15: Diligence and Provision
“She seeketh wool, and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands. She is like the merchants’ ships; she bringeth her food from afar. She riseth also while it is yet night, and giveth meat to her household, and a portion to her maidens.”
These verses highlight her diligence and industry. She works with her hands, skillfully providing for her household. The comparison to merchant ships suggests resourcefulness and a wide reach in her efforts. Rising early, she ensures that her family and even her servants are cared for. Her diligence benefits not only her immediate family but everyone under her responsibility.
Verses 16–19: Business Sense and Resourcefulness
“She considereth a field, and buyeth it: with the fruit of her hands she planteth a vineyard. She girdeth her loins with strength, and strengtheneth her arms. She perceiveth that her merchandise is good: her candle goeth not out by night. She layeth her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff.”
Here, her wisdom extends to business and financial matters. She makes wise investments, buying land and planting vineyards. She is not weak or idle but strong, hardworking, and skilled in trade. Her lamp “not going out at night” symbolizes her diligence, alertness, and perseverance. She balances physical strength with skilled craftsmanship, embodying productivity and wisdom.
Verses 20–22: Compassion and Dignity
“She stretcheth out her hand to the poor; yea, she reacheth forth her hands to the needy. She is not afraid of the snow for her household: for all her household are clothed with scarlet. She maketh herself coverings of tapestry; her clothing is silk and purple.”
Her character is not only industrious but compassionate. She extends her hands to the poor, showing generosity and kindness. At the same time, she provides security for her family, ensuring they are well-clothed and protected. Her own clothing of silk and purple reflects dignity and honor, not vanity. This section shows a balance of care for her own household and compassion for the wider community.
Verses 23–25: Honor and Strength
“Her husband is known in the gates, when he sitteth among the elders of the land. She maketh fine linen, and selleth it; and delivereth girdles unto the merchant. Strength and honour are her clothing; and she shall rejoice in time to come.”
Her diligence enhances her husband’s reputation, showing that her influence extends beyond the household into the community. She contributes economically by selling garments and trading with merchants. Verse 25 summarizes her inner character: she is clothed in strength and dignity, and she looks to the future with confidence and joy.
Verses 26–27: Wisdom and Faithfulness
“She openeth her mouth with wisdom; and in her tongue is the law of kindness. She looketh well to the ways of her household, and eateth not the bread of idleness.”
Her wisdom is not only practical but also verbal. When she speaks, her words are filled with wisdom and kindness. She governs her household faithfully, overseeing its affairs with diligence and responsibility. She is not lazy but active and attentive in every sphere of life.
Verses 28–29: Praise from Family
“Her children arise up, and call her blessed; her husband also, and he praiseth her. Many daughters have done virtuously, but thou excellest them all.”
The fruit of her life is seen in the response of her family. Her children and husband recognize her worth and call her blessed. The praise here is not flattery but acknowledgment of her faithful love, diligence, and godly character. She is celebrated as one who excels in virtue above many others.
Verses 30–31: The Foundation of True Beauty
“Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised. Give her of the fruit of her hands; and let her own works praise her in the gates.”
The closing verses bring the focus back to the foundation of it all: the fear of the Lord. Outward charm and beauty are temporary and can be deceptive, but reverence for God produces lasting honor. The poem ends with a call for public recognition: let her works speak for themselves, and let her be honored for her life of wisdom and faithfulness.
Proverbs 31:10–31 Explanation and Commentary
The closing passage of Proverbs has inspired believers for generations. Known as The Virtuous Woman or The Wife of Noble Character, this poem is more than just a description of an exemplary wife—it is a celebration of wisdom in practice. Commentators, both ancient and modern, see this section as a grand conclusion to the book of Proverbs, where wisdom—first introduced as a calling woman in chapters 1–9—is now portrayed as a life lived faithfully in service, strength, and godliness.
Classical Commentary Insights
Matthew Henry observes that the Proverbs 31 woman represents “the portrait of a family’s crown,” embodying diligence, prudence, and devotion. Her excellence lies not simply in domestic duties but in the combination of practical skill and spiritual fear of the Lord. Henry emphasizes that this passage is written not only for women but for everyone who desires to live wisely, since diligence, integrity, and godliness apply universally.
Charles Bridges comments that her virtues stem from a heart rooted in the fear of the Lord. Outward activity and industry are valuable, but they are empty without reverence for God. For Bridges, the true jewel of this passage is verse 30: “a woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised.” Everything else—her diligence, wisdom, compassion—flows from this foundation.
Modern Commentary Insights
Modern scholars highlight the literary design of this poem. As an acrostic, it presents a complete portrait of wisdom from A to Z. It is not intended as an impossible checklist for women to achieve, but as a poetic ideal that inspires all believers to pursue godly character. The passage celebrates strength, competence, and dignity—qualities that stand in stark contrast to the cultural stereotypes of women in the ancient world.
Many commentators also point out the communal aspect of this passage. While much of the book of Proverbs focuses on the individual pursuit of wisdom, Proverbs 31:10–31 shows how wisdom blesses not only the individual but also the family, the community, and even the marketplace. The virtuous woman’s influence radiates outward, bringing honor to her husband, security to her household, and benefit to society at large.
Context of Proverbs 31:10–31
To fully understand Proverbs 31:10–31, it is important to consider its immediate literary setting, its cultural backdrop, and its placement within the broader book of Proverbs. This context helps us appreciate why this passage is such a fitting conclusion to the wisdom literature of Proverbs.
The Immediate Context: Proverbs 31:1–9
Before the description of the virtuous woman, Proverbs 31 opens with the sayings of King Lemuel, taught to him by his mother. Her instructions warn against the dangers of lust, drunkenness, and the misuse of power, while calling him to rule with justice and care for the poor.
These opening verses set the tone for the rest of the chapter: wisdom is not only about personal success but also about responsibility, integrity, and compassion. The poem about the virtuous woman (vv. 10–31) follows naturally as a living illustration of these values—not in the life of a king but in the life of a faithful woman who embodies godliness in her home and community.
Hebrew Poetry and Acrostic Form
The structure of Proverbs 31:10–31 as an acrostic poem adds another layer of meaning. In Hebrew, each verse begins with a successive letter of the alphabet. This stylistic choice indicates completeness: the poem is a full and orderly portrait of wisdom lived out. It also made the passage easier to memorize, suggesting it may have been used in teaching, worship, or as a song of praise.
This acrostic style also signals that the passage is not a literal checklist of duties for women but a poetic celebration of character, using vivid imagery to capture the beauty of wisdom applied in daily life.
Cultural and Historical Context
In the ancient Near Eastern world, women were often praised for domestic skills, fertility, or beauty. But Proverbs 31 goes further. It highlights her economic contributions (buying fields, trading goods), her leadership in the household, her generosity to the poor, and her wisdom. In a culture that often limited the recognition of women’s roles, this poem celebrates her strength, dignity, and influence in a way that was revolutionary for its time.
It also reflects the values of Israelite society: diligence, faithfulness, family loyalty, and the fear of the Lord. While rooted in its cultural setting, the principles described transcend time and culture because they are grounded in godly wisdom.
Placement in the Book of Proverbs
The positioning of Proverbs 31:10–31 is highly significant. The book of Proverbs begins by presenting wisdom as a woman calling out to humanity (Proverbs 1:20–33; 8:1–36). Throughout the book, wisdom is personified and contrasted with folly.
Now, in the final passage of the book, wisdom is not just personified but embodied. The virtuous woman is wisdom made visible—demonstrating what it looks like to live with the fear of the Lord. Thus, Proverbs 31:10–31 serves as the grand conclusion to the entire book: a call to embody wisdom in every aspect of life.
Theological Context
The key theological thread running through this passage is the fear of the Lord. Proverbs 1:7 began the book with this principle: “The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge.” Now, Proverbs 31 ends with it: “A woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised” (v. 30). This inclusio frames the entire book, reminding readers that wisdom begins and ends with reverence for God.
Lessons from Proverbs 31:10–31 for Christians Today
Though Proverbs 31:10–31 was written in the context of ancient Israel, its principles are timeless. This acrostic poem is not just about the duties of a wife—it is about godly wisdom embodied in everyday life. Christians today can draw multiple lessons from this passage, applying its truths to relationships, work, community, and spiritual life.
1. Character Is Priceless
The opening verse declares: “Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies” (v. 10). In a world obsessed with material wealth, success, and outward beauty, this passage reminds us that true worth lies in character. Faithfulness, integrity, and godly wisdom surpass any possession or achievement.
For Christians, this is a call to value inner character over external charm or fleeting accomplishments. Both men and women are challenged to cultivate virtues that reflect the fear of the Lord.
2. Trustworthiness Strengthens Relationships
The Proverbs 31 woman’s husband safely trusts in her (v. 11). Trust is the foundation of strong relationships—whether in marriage, family, or friendship. She is loyal, dependable, and faithful.
In today’s context, Christians are called to be trustworthy people—honest in business, reliable in promises, and faithful in love. Trust builds communities, while deceit destroys them.
3. Diligence Honors God
Verses 13–19 emphasize her diligence. She works willingly with her hands, rises early, manages her household, and even engages in business ventures. Laziness is absent from her life.
This challenges Christians to view work as a form of worship. Colossians 3:23 echoes this truth: “And whatsoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men.” Whether in professional work, ministry, or caring for a family, diligence reflects God’s excellence.
4. Generosity and Compassion Are Central
She stretches out her hands to the poor and needy (v. 20). Wisdom is not selfish; it overflows in generosity. Her godly character moves her beyond her household to bless others.
For believers today, this is a reminder to be generous with time, resources, and love. The church is called to embody Christ’s compassion, caring for the poor, marginalized, and forgotten.
5. Strength and Dignity Come from God
Verse 25 declares: “Strength and honour are her clothing; and she shall rejoice in time to come.” Her strength is not physical alone but spiritual and moral. She carries herself with dignity because her confidence rests in God.
In a culture that often pressures people to find identity in beauty, success, or approval, Christians are reminded that true strength and dignity are rooted in God’s presence and promises.
6. Wisdom and Kindness in Speech
Verse 26 says, “She openeth her mouth with wisdom; and in her tongue is the law of kindness.” The virtuous woman is not only wise in action but also gracious in speech. Her words build up rather than tear down.
For Christians, this echoes the New Testament call: “Let your speech be always with grace, seasoned with salt” (Colossians 4:6). Our words should reflect Christ’s wisdom and compassion, bringing healing and encouragement to others.
7. The Importance of Faithful Stewardship
The woman of Proverbs 31 carefully manages her household, her resources, and her responsibilities. She demonstrates stewardship over what God has entrusted to her.
Christians are likewise called to stewardship—of finances, talents, time, relationships, and even the gospel itself. Faithful stewardship honors God and multiplies blessing.
8. The Legacy of Godly Living
Her children and husband rise up and call her blessed (vv. 28–29). Her legacy is not just in her achievements but in the lives she has shaped.
For Christians, this is a reminder that the greatest impact we make is often in the lives of others—our children, our families, our churches, and our communities. Godly character leaves a legacy that outlasts earthly accomplishments.
9. True Beauty Comes from the Fear of the Lord
The climax of the poem comes in verse 30: “Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain: but a woman that feareth the LORD, she shall be praised.” Outward beauty fades, but reverence for God produces lasting worth.
This lesson is as relevant today as it was in ancient times. In an age of social media and superficial standards, Proverbs 31 directs our attention back to what truly matters: a heart devoted to God.
10. Honoring Virtue in Others
The poem concludes with a public call to honor the virtuous woman: “Give her of the fruit of her hands; and let her own works praise her in the gates” (v. 31). Her deeds speak for themselves, and she deserves recognition.
This is a call for the church and society to honor those whose lives reflect godly character. Christians should encourage, celebrate, and uplift men and women who embody wisdom and integrity.
Supporting Bible Verses
The themes in Proverbs 31:10–31—virtue, diligence, trustworthiness, compassion, and the fear of the Lord—are echoed throughout Scripture. These supporting passages provide further insight and reinforce the lessons of this beautiful poem.
Proverbs 12:4 – A Virtuous Wife Is a Crown
“A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband: but she that maketh ashamed is as rottenness in his bones.”
This verse parallels Proverbs 31 by emphasizing the priceless value of a godly wife. She is not a burden but an honor and a blessing, enriching her husband’s life like a crown that signifies dignity and joy.
Proverbs 18:22 – A Good Wife as God’s Gift
“Whoso findeth a wife findeth a good thing, and obtaineth favour of the LORD.”
This passage affirms that a godly spouse is a blessing from God. The woman of Proverbs 31 embodies this truth—her character, faithfulness, and wisdom are evidence of God’s favor upon her family.
Titus 2:3–5 – Instructions for Godly Women
“The aged women likewise, that they be in behaviour as becometh holiness… That they may teach the young women to be sober, to love their husbands, to love their children, To be discreet, chaste, keepers at home, good, obedient to their own husbands, that the word of God be not blasphemed.”
Paul’s instructions in Titus reflect the same spirit of Proverbs 31. Women are encouraged to live with holiness, love, and discretion, passing on wisdom to younger generations. Like the Proverbs 31 woman, they serve as examples of godliness within the home and community.
1 Peter 3:3–4 – Inner Beauty Over Outward Beauty
“Whose adorning let it not be that outward adorning of plaiting the hair, and of wearing of gold… But let it be the hidden man of the heart, in that which is not corruptible, even the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, which is in the sight of God of great price.”
This passage mirrors Proverbs 31:30, reminding us that charm and beauty are fleeting, but inner godliness is of eternal worth. The true adornment of a Christian woman is her spirit, clothed in humility and reverence for God.
Ruth 3:11 – Ruth, a Woman of Noble Character
“And now, my daughter, fear not; I will do to thee all that thou requirest: for all the city of my people doth know that thou art a virtuous woman.”
Ruth provides a real-life example of the Proverbs 31 woman. Known for her loyalty, faith, and hard work, Ruth’s reputation as a “woman of noble character” demonstrates the timeless truth that godliness brings honor and recognition.
Galatians 5:22–23 – The Fruit of the Spirit
“But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance: against such there is no law.”
The traits listed in Proverbs 31—love, compassion, diligence, faithfulness—align closely with the fruit of the Spirit. This reinforces that the qualities of the virtuous woman are not achieved through human effort alone but by the Spirit’s work in a believer’s life.
Conclusion
Proverbs 31:10–31 is more than an ancient poem—it is the crowning jewel of the book of Proverbs. It portrays wisdom in action, embodied in the life of a woman whose worth is far above rubies. Her diligence, generosity, strength, and fear of the Lord provide a timeless model of godly living that transcends culture, status, or gender.
This passage does not serve as an unattainable checklist of duties but as an inspiring vision of what life shaped by godly wisdom looks like. From her household to the marketplace, from her speech to her generosity, every area of the Proverbs 31 woman’s life reflects the beauty of a heart rooted in reverence for God. Her legacy is not simply her achievements but the praise she receives from her family, her community, and ultimately, her Lord.
For Christians today, Proverbs 31 reminds us that character is priceless. Wealth, charm, and beauty may gain temporary admiration, but only the fear of the Lord produces lasting honor. It challenges us to measure success not by outward appearance or worldly standards but by faithfulness, integrity, and devotion to God.
The lessons of this passage extend to all believers: men are called to honor and support women of virtue, women are encouraged to walk in dignity and godly strength, and every follower of Christ is invited to embody the qualities of wisdom—diligence, generosity, compassion, and faith.
As the book of Proverbs began with the call to fear the Lord (Proverbs 1:7), so it ends with the reminder that such fear is the true foundation of virtue (Proverbs 31:30). This inclusio reminds us that the pursuit of wisdom is not about intellectual knowledge alone but about living a life of reverence for God.
In the end, the Proverbs 31 woman points us beyond herself to the source of all wisdom—God Himself. Her life is a testimony of what it looks like to live for His glory. And just as her works speak for her at the gates, so too our lives, shaped by the Spirit and rooted in the fear of the Lord, can become living testimonies of His goodness.
